It is a Brussels peculiarity that many people only discover when they come to install an EV charger: a large number of homes are connected to a 3 × 230 V grid (often written 3x230V), rather than the 3 × 400 V grid (with neutral) found in most new connections.
3 × 230 V vs 3 × 400 V: what is the difference?
- With 3 × 400 V + neutral, you have three phases and a neutral: the voltage is 230 V between a phase and the neutral, and 400 V between two phases. Cars can charge on three-phase, up to 11 or 22 kW.
- With 3 × 230 V, there is no neutral: the voltage is 230 V between two phases. Charging is then usually single-phase, between two phases.
The Brussels distribution network operator, Sibelga, is upgrading the network, but many homes remain connected at 3 × 230 V.
What a 3x230V grid means for your EV charger
- In practice, charging power is often limited to 7.4 kW (single-phase 32 A), which is already enough to fully charge most cars overnight.
- Not every charger is compatible with this type of grid: the configuration of the charger and the protective devices must be adapted.
- The earthing system of your installation must be taken into account when choosing the protective devices.
How do you know which grid you are connected to?
The details are shown on your meter and your main circuit breaker, but they are not always easy to read. The simplest option: enter your type of connection in the configurator ("I don't know" is one of the options). Our expert checks it with you, from a photo or during a visit.
Can you switch to 3 × 400 V?
A change of connection must be requested from the network operator. It involves paperwork, a waiting period and a cost, and it is not always possible in the short term. For a home charger it is generally not necessary: 7.4 kW is enough for overnight charging.
We regularly install chargers on 3 × 230 V grids in every Brussels municipality.